Roof covering



Aug. 28, 1934. H, c o s 1,972,028

ROOF COVERING Filed July 30, 1931 2 Sheets-Sheet l .Z/ 22 Ina e2 5! 1934- H. T. Niel-logs 1,972,028

ROOF COVERING Filed July so, '1931 2 Sheets-Sheet 2 Patented Aug." 28, 1934 UNITED STATES PATENT OFFICE ROOF COVERING Harry T. Nichols, Bridgeport, Conn.

Application July 30, 1931, Serial No. 553,933

4 Claims. (01. 108-7) This invention relates to new and useful improvements in composition roofs and roofing shingles.

An objectof the invention is to provide a roofing shingle which includes an interlocking portion whereby the shingles may be easily aligned and rapidly applied to a roof.

' Another object'is to provide roofing shingles which are so shaped'that they may be cut from a strip without any substantial waste of material and which include interlocking parts or portions whereby they may be rapidly and accurately aligned and applied to a roof.

A further object is to provide a shingle roof covering in which there are no gaps or openings between the shingles under overlapping shingles.

Other objects and advantages will become apparent from a consideration of the following detailed description taken in connection with the accompanying drawings wherein satisfactory embodiments of the invention are shown. However, it is to be understood that the invention is not limited to the details disclosed but includes all such variations and modifications as fall within the spirit of the invention and the scope of the appended claims to which claims reference should be had for a definition of the invention.

In the drawings:

Fig. 1 is a plan view showing several rows of the improved shingle applied to a roof and illustrating the manner in which they are assembled and applied when working from the right hand edge of a roof;

. Fig. 2 is a view similar to Fig. 1 but showing the shingles as applied when working from the left hand edge of a roof;

Fig. 3 is a plan view of one of the shingles alone;

Fig. 4 is an end view thereof, the shingle being slated on but one side; I

Fig. 5 is a view similar to Fig. 4 the shingle 'being slated on both sides;

Fig. 6 is a view illustrating the method of cutting the shingles of Fig. 3 from a strip of material and with practically no waste of material;

Fig. 7 is a plan view of a slightly modified form of shingle; 4

Fig. 8 is a plan view of another modified form of shingle;

Fig. 9 is a plan view of a further modified form of shingle;

' Fig. 10 is an edge view of the shingle of Fig. 9;"

Fig. 11 is a view somewhat similar to Fig. 1 and showing the application of the shingle of Fig. 9 to a roof;

Fig. 12 is a plan view showing the manner of cutting the shingle of. Fig. 9 from a strip of material and without waste;

Fig. 13 is a view showing a method of cutting and simultaneously coating'or slating the butt sed portion of the shingle of Fig. 9; and

Fig. 14 is a view showing a method of cutting and simultaneously coating the butt or exposed end portion of the shingle of Fig. 3.

Referring in detail to the drawings and first to the form of the invention shown in Figs. 1 to 6 the numeral 15 generally indicates the shingle and this shingle may or may not be slated and may be slated on one side 16 as shown in F 4 oron both sides 17 and 18 as shown in Fig. 5, and it may be either rigid or fiexible. The shingle 15 includes a body portion which has ends 19 and 20 and sides or edges 21 and 22.

On its edge 22 the shingle 15 is provided with extensions 23 and 24 which extensions are of equal length in a direction longitudinally of the shingle. However, the extension 23 projects beyond the extension 24, and-the extension 23 has its ends defined by the extension 24 and the end 19 of the shingle. The extensions 23 and 24 are each one third of the length of the shingle and the shingle may be described as having its ed e 22 divided into three divisions represented respectivelyby the extensions 23 and 24 and the portion 25.

. In its edge 21 the shingle is provided with a recess 26 extending through to the end 19 of the shingle and having its inner limits defined by shoulder 27 which shoulder is in adirection transversely of the shingle in alignment with a shoulder 28 defining the inner limit of the extension 23. Therefore, it will be seen that in a direction longitudinally of the shingle the recess 26 is the size of the extension 23 and it is also to be understood that the width of the extension 23 measured transversely of the shingle is such that the extensionmay be received in the recess 26 of an adjacent shingle.

It is also to be noted that the portion or division 25 is of the same length as the recess 26 and-the extension 23. The recess 26 is made the same size as the extension 23 since the extension is fitted into the recess in the application of the shingles to a roof. The portion or division 25 is the same length as the extension 23 since the cutting of the extension 23 on one shingle makes the division 25 of the other shingle when the shingles are out from a. strip without waste of material and in the manner now to be described.

Fig-6 shows-the method of cutting the shingles from a strip of material of a width to provide four shingles, such for example as a flexible felt impregnated with asphalt or other preservative water proofing material and binder. Referring to the bottom row of shingles shown in Fig. 6 it will be seen that the shingles are cut more or less in pairs. In this bottom row the shingles are designated A, B, C and D and a cut is made along the line E to form the edges 22 of the shingles A and B, the shingles being reversed relatively and the edge 22'of one shingle being the complement of the corresponding edge of the other shingle. Cuts along the outer lines F provide the edges 21 of shingles A and 13 while on the strip being cut along the line G the edges 21- of shingles B.-

and C are provided. The line H is similar to the line. E and when the strip is out along the line H the edges 22 of shingles C and D are provided. It will be noted that the line J representing the end 19 of the shingle C and the end 20 of shingle D is spaced above the line K representing the end 20 of shingle B and the end 19 of shingle A. Thisdistance in the arrangement shown-is equal to the length of recess 26 and the extensions or divisions 23, 24-and 25. This arrangement provides for the cutting of the recesses 26 in the.

trimmed in any case to provide straight clean edges. Therefore, it will be apparent that the shingles of the present invention provide for a saving in material in addition to being so constructed that they may be properly and easily aligned and applied to a roof.

Fig. 1 shows the manner of applying the improved shingles when working fromv the right hand edge of a roof. The shingle 29 is first laid on the roof and squared and then secured as by means of tacks or nails 30. Next, the shingle 31 is applied and this shingle is properly positioned and aligned by bringing the shoulder 28 of its extension 23 against the shoulder 27 defining the limit of the recess 26 of the shingle 29, and by positioning the extension 23 of the shingle 31 in said recess with the longitudinal edge of the ex-' tension in engagement with the longitudinal edge.

' of the recess and with the longitudinal edge of extension 24 of the shingle 31 in engagement with ,the edge 21 of the shingle. 29. Shingle 31 may then be secured in place by the means 30.

It will be noted that by thus. applying the shingles a narrow gap is left between them at 32, this gap being provided by the cut-away portion representing the division 25 and which portion is cut from one shingle to provide the extension 23 of another shingle. The shingles 33 and 34 will beapplied as described in connection with the application of shingle 31 and a further description of the application of these two shingles is believed unnecessary. i

second row is laid and in Fig. 1 this second row is illustrated as starting with a shingle designated all .edges of the shingles shoulder defining the lower limitof extension 24 i and the upper limit of the division orre'cess 25.

The lines 20 and 36 are not shown on the drawings as corresponding but the shingles are shown as overlapped a bit more in order that these lines will not come together whereby the application of the shingles may be better illustrated. However, it will be understood that ordinarily the shingles will be laid with the lower ends 20 of a row of shingles substantially even with the shoulders-36 or the upper ends of the spaces 32 between'the shingles of the next lower row. This will also bring the shoulders 27 and 28 substantially even with the top end 19 of the lower row of shingles.

After the shingle is properly squared and positioned with relation to the shingles of the'first row it may be secured as by means of tacks or nails 30 and the shingle 35a will be applied. The shingle 35a is applied with relation to the shingle 35 as in the case of the application of the shingle 31 to the shingle 29. However, it will be noted that the shingles of the second row fully overlap the joints between the shingles of the first row and that the joints between the shingles of the second row are disposed for the most part over the centers of the shingles of the first row.- In this connection, the spaces or gaps 32 between the shingles of the second row are fully taken care of by the shingles of the first row. Shingle 37 of the second row is applied as in the case of shingle 35a of that row. I

The third row of shingles is shown as started by the shingle 38 and this shingle is preferably so arranged that its edges 21 and 22 are in alignment with the corresponding edges of the shingle 31 of the first row of shingles. Next, the shingle 39 of the third row is applied as in the case of the application of the shingle 31 of the first row or the shingle 35a of the second row. From the foregoing it will be seen that after the end shingle of one row has been properly laid the other shingles of that row are easily and quickly aligned and may therefore be rapidlyapplied or laid.

Fig. 2 shows the manner. of applying the shingles working from the left hand edge of a roof. In this case the shingles are simply reversed from the positions in which they are shown in Fig. 1 and the shingle 40 is first applied and secured after which the shingles 41 and 42 are applied in'turn. These shingles 41 and 42 are aligned with respect to the shingle 40 and each other in the same manner as the shingles 31 and 33 of Fig. 1. It is also true that after the shingles 43 of the second row of shingles of Fig. 2 have been properly laid shingles 44 and 45 may be laid with respect to it as were the shingles 35a and 3'7 of Fig. 1 with respect to the shingle 35 of that figure. If the shingle is coated with slate 1'7 and 18 on both sides as in Fig. 5 it will be evident the same shingle can be laid either from the right as in Fig. 1 or from the left as in Fig. 2. The slate on one side may be of a different color from that of the other side if desired so that by laying from one side we may have one colored roof and by laying from the other a differently colored roof. Or it it is preferred to slate the shingle on one side only as shown at 16 in Fig. 4, then if the shingle is cut as shown in Fig. 3 it will ordinarily be laid from the right, but if it is decided to lay it from the left then the shingle should be cut reversed, that is with the extensions 23 and 24 on the left side and the recess 26 on the right hand side as indicated in Fig. 6. The same result can be secured by cutting them in the same way but coating one or the other side with slate tively.

shingle 46 is of the same size as the extension 47 and the recess 49 but it will be noted that the extension 48 is of. a greater length in a direction measured lengthwise of the shingle than is the extension 47. However, these shingles 46 may be cut from a strip of material without waste of material as in the case of the shingle first described and these shingles 46 are applied to a roof in the .same manner as the shingle 15.

Shingle 51 of Fig. 8 has an extension 52 starting at its end 19 and corresponding to the extenwasted between the shinglesin cutting them is relatively small. a g

Fig. 12 shows a method of cuttingshingles of the same shape as the shingles 56 without any substantial loss of material, the only loss being represented at the edges of the strip from which the shingles are cut. In thisfigure it will be seen that the formation of the extension 64 of shingle L provides the recess 63 of the shingle M and that the formation of the extension 61 of shingle M provides the recess 62 of shingle N. Also, it will be seen that the formation of the recess 72 of shingle L results in the formation of the corresponding recess of the shingle P. The extensions and recesses of the other shingles shown in sion 4'7 of the shingle 46 and it also has a recess iFig. 12 are also formed without waste of material 53 corresponding to the recess 49 of the shingle 46. Shingle 51 moreover includes a projection 54 and a division or portion 55, and it will be noted that the division 55 is of less length in a direction longitudinally of the shingle than is the case with the extension 52 and that the extension 54 is of greater length in a similar direction than is the extension 52, Therefore, it will be seen that the divisions along the edge v22 of shingle 51 are all unequal in length in a direction lengthwise of the shingle, but extension 52 should be the same length as recess 53 so that the shingles will line up when laid.

The shingle of Figs. 9 and 10 is shown as comp in a body 56 including ends 57 and 58 and side edges .59 and 60. The edge 60 is divided into three equal portions or divisions the intermediate portion or division of which is in the form of an extension 61 and the end divisionsof which are designated 62 and 63 respectively. At its edge 59 the shingle 56 is cut away to provide an extension 64 the lower end of which is defined by shoulder 65. The upper and lower ends of the extension 61 are defined by shoulders 66 and 67 respec- Shingle 56 is shown as coated or slated over its entire surface or side 68 while its side 69 is but partially coated as shown at 70. This partial coating 70 covers or comprises the entire exposed area of the shingle when in use on a roof, or if desired the slate 68 may be omitted and only the part 70 exposed to the weather slated. The shingle may have the slat 70 applied thereto in the manner shown in Fig. 13 and the shingle may also be cut during the application of the slate. According to the showing of Fig. 13 the slat is applied in a strip along the center of the strip of felt 82 from a' roll so that the slate is simultaneously applied to two shingles and the shingles are cut as the slate is applied, the cutting of the shingles according to this method resulting in the loss of material only as represented by the spaces 71. However, aside from the spaces 71 there is no loss of material in cutting shingles by this method and there is a saving in slate and the binder used for securing it to the shingle. Also if one or both of the overlapped or superimposed surfaces of the shingles are not slated they lie closer together and even seal themselves together.

From Fig. 13 it also will be seen that the material forming the extension 64 of one shingle is so taken from another shingle as to provide the recess or division 62 of said other shingle. There-.

between the shingles and it is believed that the method or manner .of cutting the shingles will be obvious from an inspection of Fig. 12 in connection with the foregoing description.

The shingles are, of course, applied in rows and the manner of applying them is shown in Fig. 11. From this figure it will be understood that the shingle 73 is first aligned or squared and then secured as by nails or the like 30 and that the shingle 74 is next applied by sliding it down to bring its shoulder 65 into engagement with the shoulder 66 of the shingle 73 and to have its extension 64 occupy the recess 62 of the shingle 73. Shingles 75 and 76 are applied in like manner and it will be apparent that the shingles are easily aligned and it will be understood that each shingle may be nailed or tacked in place when applied.

Recesses 77 are left between the shingles and these recesses between the shingles of one row are taken care of by the shingles of the immediately preceding row. This will be apparent from an inspection of the shingles 78, 79 and 80 representing the second row of shingles. Further, it will be seen that when laying or applying the second row shingle 78 is first applied so as to span the joint between the shingles 73 and 74 and after being squared is tacked or otherwise secured in place. Shingle 79 is applied relative to shingle 78 as was shingle 74 relative to shingle 73 and the shingles of each succeeding row may overlap the shingles of the preceding row to any desired extent. Preferably, the ends 58 of the shingles of one row will be aligned with the shoulders 67 of the shingles of the preceding row.

Fig. 14 shows a method of cutting shingles of the same shape as the shingles 15 two at a time and simultaneously slating or coating that portion only of each shingle on one side which will be exposed when the shingle is applied to a roof. According to the method of Fig. 14 the shingles are coated and cut two at a time from the strip 83 and there will be a slight waste orloss of material by following the method of Fig. 14, this loss 50 in Figure '7, 55 in Figure 8, and 63 in Figure 9, is not greater than one-third of the height of the shingle so that the shingles when laid present a three ply covering on the roof.

Having thus set forth the nature of my invention what I claim is:

1. A shingle of general rectangular form having top and intermediate side extensions, the outside edges of the extensions being parallel and spaced longitudinally of the shingle, the portion of the shingle below said extensions being not greater than one-third of the height oi the shingle, and a recess complementary to said top extension at the opposite side edge of said shingle. A 2. A shingle of general rectangular form having along one side edge extensions extending one beyond the other with the wider extension starting at the top of the shingle, the portion of the shingle below said extensions being not greater than one-third of the height of the shingle, and a recess complementary'to said top extension at the opposite side edge of said shingle.

3. A shingle of general rectangular form divided along one of its side edges into three divisions the end divisions of which are oiv equal length longitudinally of the shingle, two of said divisions representing extensions of which one projects beyond the other and of which the wider extends longitudinally iromthe top end of said edge, the remaining division representing a tab portion of the shingle extending below the extensions and being not greater than onethird of the height of the shingle, and a recess complementary to the top extension at the 011-. posite side edge of said shingle.

4. A shingle of general rectangular form hav- 

